PDF downloads of all 1748 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Again, Gratz highlights the lack of empathy and social responsibility that countries as a whole possess. Wed love to have you back! Before the body is dropped overboard, Schiendick says that German law requires that the body be covered by the national flag. Gratz illustrates more dehumanization from the Nazis, exemplified in Schiendicks equation of the children with rats. Mahmoud has learned to blend in and be invisible in order to survive, and to protect his 10-year-old brother Waleed. Pozner approaches Josef, asking if he's readyJosef has agreed to help take over the ship . The boy who led them also convinces them that they will need to buy life jackets for their boat trip. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Refugee Alan Gratz Study Guide Literary Devices Themes Symbols Important Quotes Explained by Theme The Power of Ordinary People to Help Refugees The Lasting Effects of Traumatic Events The Physical Dangers of Displacement Quotes Important Quotes Explained "'You can live life as a ghost, waiting for death to come, or you can dance,' she told him. Discount, Discount Code Isabel trades her most prized possession, her trumpet, for gasoline so that they can leave that night. (including. They pray to Allah for about seven minutes, facing Mecca. The soldiers grab Josef's six-year-old sister Ruthie by the hair as she screams. The Cuban officers say, maana, meaning tomorrow., A few days later, a Nazi official named Schiendick and two other officers raid Josefs familys cabin, destroying all of their possessions and frightening Aaron once more. Two men in tracksuits, one with a gun in his waistband, tell Mahmouds father that they have to pay to stay at the mall. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. (including. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Instant PDF downloads. Instant downloads of all 1748 LitChart PDFs The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. Before they turn back, some tourists give them food, water, and aspirin to take on their journey, for which Isabel is immensely grateful. They are also dependent on others for shelter, as it is raining and the hotels are full. Josef turns 13 and finally becomes a jewish man. Under the wet foot/dry foot policy, if the Coast Guard captures them before they reach the shore, they will be deported to Cuba. Then the Castillos other son, Luis, and his girlfriend Amara, who are police officers, desert the force and jump into the boat as they are leaving for Miami. The St. Louis then sails north to make a plea to the U.S. to let them in. Summary Analysis Josef and some of the other children on the St. Louis take a tour of the ship 's bridge and engine room. His father stayed in the cabin cowering and hiding from the rest of the ship, too scared to even see his own son's bar mitzvah. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. The abandoned shopping mall Mahmoud and his family settle in while waiting for their boat in Izmir represents the sense of helplessness and invisibility the refugees suffer while on their journeys. Most of the children still play at the pool, but the adult passengers are too defeated to socialize. The US only lets in a certain amount of Jews every year, so they plan to wait for their turn in Cuba. Isabels father, Geraldo, tried to escape and was thrown in jail for a year. His ears ring and he cant breathe. If Cuba does not let the refugees in, it signifies a return to a society that is more than willing to be unjust and cruel toward them. SparkNotes PLUS Havana is rioting, with men chanting for freedom and rocks and bullets flying through the air. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Waleed, Mahmouds mother, and sister Hana are all alive. Barely clear of the tanker as it passes, the boat is full of water and Ivns father is thrown overboard. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! The way the content is organized, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. He says that Isabels father, his son-in-law, doesnt even have a plan. Intro Refugee Summary Next Josef: Berlin, Germany - 1938 Refugee follows the stories of three refugee children fleeing conflicts in their home countries. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Isabel: Just outside Havana, Cuba1994 Isabel: The Straits of Florida, Somewhere North of Cuba1994 Summary and Analysis. For Isabel, it is like a city in a dream, as if Ivn has opened the gates of heaven for them to look in. Pozners request that Josef join the team planning an attack on the bridge to take control of the ship continues the theme in the novel of child refugees being required to take on adult roles too young. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Dont have an account? Summary Analysis The Hitler Youth drags Josef down the train. The governments of the U.S. and Cuba surely understand that turning the refugees away could amount to a death sentence for many of the people on board, and yet they still choose to refuse to let the passengers disembark. Josef and some other children are given a tour of the ship. Complete your free account to request a guide. Although the family has hurried to arrive in Izmir in time for their promised boat to Greece, the smuggler tells them they must wait another day, a frustrating moment that emphasizes their helplessness as refugees dependent on others for transportation. He tries hard to win the refugees admittance to Cuba by getting there ahead of the other ships of refugees, and when they rise up against the policemen who prevent their landing, he defends the passengers and ejects the police. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! R efugee is a novel by Alan Gratz that examines three interrelated stories of the refugee experience. The day after the storm, the sun breaks through with a blazing heat, and Teresa starts to get a fever. Isabel grieves for her friend, particularly when, the next day, they are able to see Miami in the distance. There is an announcement that the St. Louis is heading back to Europe. Subscribe now. At home, Waleed and Mahmoud take a break from watching cartoons and doing homework to wash their hands and roll out their prayer mats. In this section of the book, the U.S. Coast Guard appears in two storylines, in both cases watching refugees and trying to prevent their reaching safety in the United States, which continues the theme of governments working against refugees rather than helping them. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Write a description of each of the examples in the black text box. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. The apartment wall explodes. Similarly, the Landaus are seeking sanctuary in Cuba fifty-five years before the country has become inhospitable for Isabels family. He pulls himself up from the rubble, knowing he must get to his sister, brother, and mother. In order to reach safety in the United States, they will have to survive not only the political forces that oppose them but also the physical dangers inherent in crossing the ocean in a small vessel. The third storyline Gratz introduces follows Mahmoud Bishara, a twelve-year-old Syrian boy living in Aleppo in 2015, which has become a war zone since the breakout of the Syrian Civil War in 2011. He recognizes the refugees humanity and knows that they are worth trying to save. The Nazis labelling Aarons practice as a crime against the German people inherently detaches them from their own German culture. He says theyre leaving Aleppo and they should have left ages ago. While they float, adrift, Lito talks about how Cuba has changed over the years and how they shouldnt have left, because now everyone is in danger. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Summary From the deck of the ship, Josef watches his father thrash and scream incoherently in the water. The host family turns out to be Ruthie, now and old woman, and her husband, Saul. Each day, Mahmoud and his family are told that the boat to Greece will be ready for them tomorrow, but this continues for seven days, leaving them exhausted and dejected. The Question and Answer section for Refugee is a great With so many belligerents involved in the war, dividing allegiances across the country, Mahmoud finds it best to evade notice and make friends with no one. Josef, a German Jew during WW2 had to leave his home due to the violence brought by the Nazis. Because they are deserting, the other police officers start to shoot, and a bullet pierces the side of the boat. You'll also receive an email with the link. When Josef and the other children on the tour encounter Scheindick singing Nazi songs in the crew deck, Josef realizes that the St. Louis is only a respite from life under the Nazis, not a true safe haven. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Summary This section starts with Josef still in the Atlantic "11 days from home" as his father flails around the room panicking because the ship is slowing down. After this, Mahmoud; Waleed; their mother, Fatima; their father, Youssef; and their infant sister, Hana, all set off to try and seek refuge in Germany. Mahmoud and his family stand in the rain in Izmir, talking to the smuggler who is supposed to take them to Greece. During the storm, Isabel remembers her grandmother Lita, who died two years earlier after she was swept out to sea during a cyclone. He would jump in himself, but he can't swim. As they start to row toward the shore, a Coast Guard boat starts to steer toward them. Download PDF Teachers and parents! Summary Josef (Just Outside Havana Harbor-1939, 18 days from home) to Mahmoud (Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea-2015, 11 days from home) Summary: Josef / Just Outside Havana Harbor-1939 / 18 days from home Josef's father's confusion and paranoia increase, and he stacks furniture against the door of the cabin. On the way, Josef and a group of men try to overtake the ship by taking the crew hostage, but Captain Schroeder talks them down. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Josef notices that the captain and first officer give normal salutes as the body goes overboard, instead of Nazi salutes. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Josef's life is turned upside down on the night when Nazi Brownshirts take his father away to a concentration camp. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. In the second storyline, Isabel Fernandezs family is caught up in the 1994 Cuba rafter crisis, which saw the exodus of over 35,000 Cubans leaving for the United States on homemade rafts and watercraft. Refugee follows the stories of three refugee children fleeing conflicts in their home countries. Isabel goes to play her trumpet in the city, busking for pesos from European and Canadian tourists. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. 20% My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. He also notices that some of the crew members scowl and project anger to the jews. for a customized plan. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Renews July 23, 2023 At the Hungarian border, soldiers throw tear gas at them and take them to a detention center, where soldiers beat Youssef and call the Syrian refugees parasites and filth. They are then relocated to a refugee camp. (including. "Josef didn't want to leave. Gratz builds on the themes of survival and visibility with the narrators commentary on Mahmouds attempt to make himself invisible so as not to attract unwanted attention from people who might rob, bully, or harm him. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. He confirms with his wife that she grabbed the cash theyve been saving. Just then, a pistol fires and shirtless men rush into the streets, overwhelming the few police officers on the Malecn. The theme of visibility also arises in Josefs storyline when he and his mother and sister ride the train out of Berlin. LitCharts Teacher Editions. After hearing that one of the passengers has died, Josefs father insists on going to the funeral, saying that he saw too many men die in Dachau without funerals. The driver of the taxi demands 300 euros from Mahmouds father, more than double what they agreed to pay him. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. The theme of displacement comes up in Mahmouds storyline when his familys apartment is made uninhabitable by an airstrike. It is the night of Kristallnacht and his father is arrested and sent to a concentration camp.After 6 months he is allowed to leave but only if he leaves Germany immediately, so they purchase passage on a ship to Cuba. Josef notices that the captain is open minded and a kind man. Something on the boat breaks, and the crafts start taking on even more water; everyone except Isabels mother starts to bail water. On the first part of the tour, the children visit the bridge, where Captain Schroeder welcomes them and shows them the ships controls. A few hours later, the Landaus arrive in Hamburg and arrive at the. Mahmoud, Fatima, and Hana become separated from Youssef and Waleed, and they tread water for hours. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. Sometimes it can end up there. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: Her statement that one can live life as a ghost, or one can dance, puts herself in direct opposition with Aaron as she tries to continue to find ways to enjoy life even in the face of uncertainty and tragedy. After Mahmouds father pays the man, he forces them out of his cab and drives off. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Refine any search. The driver agrees to help them, but Mahmouds father receives a text from the smuggler saying that the boat is ready. But the rest of the passengers are not allowed to disembark. Complete your free account to request a guide. After so much dehumanization and cruelty at the hands of the Nazis, simply being treated decently comes as a kind of shock to Josef and his familyto the point where Aaron doesnt even trust that such treatment is genuine. As broken as Aaron has seemed since his release from Dachau, he summons the courage to fight with Scheindick over the Nazi flag Scheindick tries to place over the body, an example of how the ceremony gives even Aaron the strength to fight against the Nazi regime, at least briefly. Following this, they wait in Turkey for a boat that will take them to Greece. Meanwhile, Teresa goes into labor and has the baby as they approach the shore. Refugee study guide contains a biography of Alan Gratz, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Two weeks after leaving Germany, the ship approaches Cuba and the passengers must undergo a medical inspection. To his relief, his father and younger brother are onboard. Yet instead of succumbing to the despair of these events, Josef and the rest of his family resolve to try to find a better life in a new country. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. When his armband falls from his pocket, a Hitler Youth about Josefs age steps on it, then brings Josef back to his compartment. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Some of the children continue to play games, but the adults walk around mournfully. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Josef: American Coast 1939, 21 days. Isabels fathers eyes widen. Empathy and Social Responsibility. They have yellow Star of David armbands to mark them as Jews. It is hungry, as is everyone in Cuba. Some try to escape Cuba, but Castro has a policy wherein people who try to leave are imprisoned. He is of average height with brown hair and brown eyes. Six months later, Aaron is allowed to leave the camp on the condition that he immediately leaves the country, and so he; Josef; Josefs mother, Rachel; and Josefs sister, Ruthie, all plan to board the MS Saint Louis, which is bringing Jewish refugees to Cuba. They are able to avoid it, but the water rushing into their boat carries away their medicine, bandages, and matches into the sea. Believing that it is his responsibility to keep his mother and sister safe, Josef has agreed to help Pozner take the bridge. Discount, Discount Code Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Mahmoud knows he should help, but he turns and takes another route home. Summary Josef (Off the American Coast-1939, 21 days from home) to Josef (Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean-1939, 22 days from home) Summary: Josef / Off the American Coast-1939 / 21 days from home From the St. Louis, Josef can see Miami on the American coast and wonders why the United States will not let them in. Alan Gratz's critically acclaimed 2017 historical novel Refugee follows the stories of three child refugees from real international crises: Josef, escaping 1930s Nazi Germany; Isabel, fleeing Cuba in 1994 on a leaky boat; and Mahmoud, bombed out of his home in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015. From the outset, Gratz places readers in the middle of the action and immediately demonstrates the cruelty of the Nazis against the Jews. He and his family try to escape to Cuba on. Student Instructions: Click "Start Assignment". You'll be billed after your free trial ends. The first protagonist, Josef, is a 12-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in 1938, during the rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party. Isabel's neighbor Ivn and his father are building a secret boat in their shed so they can sail to the US. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. He is dragged from his bed and becomes so scared that he wets himself. He announces that any boundaries for Cubans wishing to leave will be removed. Captain Schroeder tells them that he will forgive their attempt if they go back to their cabins and do not try again; he also promises that he will do everything that he can to take them to England. Otto Scheindick and his fellow Nazis among the crew represent the terrifying world waiting for the refugees should they be forced to return to Germany, an example of the danger they are in even on board the apparently safe and pleasant St. Louis. Instant PDF downloads. Instant PDF downloads. After a month, they are placed with a host family while they start to build their new lives. They say they understand and treat her with politeness, even though they are Germans. Josef realizes upon doing this that he has traded places with his father and has become the adult in the family. I see no evidence that marks the color of Mahmoud's hoodie. Download PDF Access Full Guide Study Guide Summary He needs to flee again. The Hungarians are building a chain link fence with razor wire to keep refugees out. In contrast to the Nazi soldiers at the beginning of the book, , Gratz illustrates how people can make an active choice not to be overly cruel, as this boy does here. While it is clear that the captain is uncomfortable with Josefs questions about whether they are racing the other refugee ships to Cuba, the captain radiates calm command, intending to put the children at ease. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. (one code per order), SparkNotes PLUS for a group? Captain Schroeder, who commands the St. Louis, is an example in the text of a person who has sympathy with the refugees and does what he can to help them. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Instant downloads of all 1748 LitChart PDFs Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Purchasing Suddenly, they spot the shore, and grow excited that they have reached Miami.
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