For instance, in July 1943, the Allies launched a strategic bombing campaign over the northern city of Hamburg, resulting in 37,000 civilians being killed and nearly 200,000 being injured. ADK pointed out that the beginning population in 1941 and the ending population at 1 January 1946 are rough estimates since figures for the territories annexed in 19391940 and emigration from the USSR during the war are based on fragmentary information. Briefly, by way of definitions, casualties include both injuries and deaths, whereas fatalities are just deaths. Oxford: Oxford University Press. It is claimed by the website sovsekretno.ru that there are no Memory Books published in the USSR, Russia and the other contemporary republics in the 80s and 90s listing casualties of 25 percent of the draft or less, but there are many Memory Books with 50 per cent and more with some telling us of a 70, 75, 76 and up to 79 per cent mortality rate among the conscripted. American South, Caribbean, Pacific and Atlantic, Great Britain and allies vs. France and allies, Also known as the Qing invasions of Burma, Ty Sn rebels then dynasty (British supports) and, United States and allies vs. British Empire and German Mercenaries. Winston Churchill, Harry Truman, and Joseph Stalin. A table that details estimated deaths by country is available here. Critics of the official figures by the Russian Ministry of Defense base their arguments on self analyses of documents in the Soviet archives and demographic models of the Soviet population during the Stalin era. Historians do not regard them as being trustworthy.[119]. Chart. Allied colonies also suffered immense losses. [Online]. Of these 17 million were civilians and 8 million were military. About 69,000 died of severe famine in the republic. [90], A 1995 paper published by M.V. Aufl., 1. World War II was the single deadliest conflict the world has ever seen, causing many tens of millions of deaths. L'archiviazione tecnica o l'accesso sono necessari per creare profili di utenti per inviare pubblicit, o per tracciare l'utente su un sito web o su diversi siti web per scopi di marketing simili. . Entries in the list are arranged by name of county and thereunder alphabetically by name of deceased. This attack was particularly controversial since Dresden had little strategic significance and contained few military targets. Otava, Helsinki, Karel Bartoek, Prask povstn 1945 (Prague Uprising, 1945. Finally, Army Group South gothalted in the southern city of Stalingradfrom August 1942 to January 1943. ", National WWII Museum & Various sources, Estimated number of military and civilian fatalities due to the Second World War per country or region between 1939 and 1945 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293510/second-world-war-fatalities-per-country/ (last visited July 17, 2023), Estimated number of military and civilian fatalities due to the Second World War per country or region between 1939 and 1945 [Graph], National WWII Museum, & Various sources, April 4, 2022. In all, the scale of human losses during World War II was vast. [1] A 2000 study by the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office estimated total German military dead at 50,000 in May and June 1940. Korol held that the official figures of Krivosheev were an attempt to cover up the disregard for human life by the military leaders under Stalin. L'archiviazione tecnica o l'accesso che viene utilizzato esclusivamente per scopi statistici anonimi. Convicts and deserters listed in the Krivosheev study. The contemporary nations that were formerly Soviet Republics dispute Krivosheev's analysis. Figures in this statistic may not corroborate figures on other statistics on the platform due to variations per source. Aufl. Official records listed 101.7million registered voters and 94.0million actual voters, 7.7million less than the expected figure. Krivosheev maintained that the figure of 8.668 million is correct because it excludes called up reservists that were never inducted, men who were duplicated as conscripts because they were conscripted again into the Soviet army and Navy during the war as territories were being liberated and non-combat related causes. These casualties are for 19411945 within the 19461991 borders of the USSR. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. The sources cited for these figures are from the Soviet period. Red Army records indicate 8.7million military deaths, "this figure is actually the lower limit". Macedonian Empire and other Greek City-States vs. Persian Empire and various other states, Middle East / North Africa / Central Asia / India. Perhaps most notably, from April to May 1940, 22,000 Polish military officers were executed and buried in the Katyn Forrest. During the war Soviet civilians were taken to Germany as forced laborers under inhumane conditions.[20][125]. On 14 February 2017 at a hearing of the Russian. World War II losses of the Soviet Union were about 27,000,000, both civilian and military from all war-related causes,[1] although exact figures are disputed. [110], (E) Kazakhstan estimates its military casualties at 601,029. Exploring the Severe Consequences of Ocean Pollution, Understanding the Consequences and Effects of the Black Death, Most populated cities in the US (1790/2023), International Students in US by Country of Origin 1949/2022. [15] The Polish Anders Army numbered 41,000 troops, the Polish People's Army 200,000,[16] and the Polish resistance movement more than 300,000. The top nation in the world is the Soviet Union. [17] In 1944, a number of Germany-allied nations switched on the Soviet side. Learn for yourself about World War II casualties by country by investigating the map and charts. In second place among the nations with more victims during the Second World War is China, with about 19 million and 600 thousand victims. It also saw numerous atrocities. [98] In January 1990,M.A. However, rather than being sent to death camps, the majority of Soviet Jews, particularly in the first nine months of German occupation, were shot. [130] The Soviet general staff put losses at 8,668,000 dead and missing, however the General Staffs figures were not published until 1993. By March 1941 Italian forces of 526,550 men and 16 divisions were held back by 14 Greek divisions. The war related deaths detailed in Russian sources are as follows. "Deaths - other" includes all non-combat deaths including those from bombing, massacres, disease, suicide, and murder. All this resulted in a stalemate that was only broken by the American entry into World War Two and communist guerillas, led byMao Zedong, fighting in the countryside. Belgian total casualties were 23,350 including 6,500 KIA. [46][44] Krivoshhev wrote, "According to German sources 673,000 died in captivity. [111], (G) Georgians also estimate their military casualties at over 300,000. [57], S. N. Mikhalev included in his figure irrecoverable losses the deaths of 994,300 Soviet military personnel that were convicted of offences during the course of the war (422,700 sent to penal battalions, 135,000 executed and 436,600 imprisoned)[57], An alternative method is to determine losses from the Russian Military Archives database of individual war dead. [12] Some Russian scholars put the total number of losses in the war, both civilian and military, at over 40million. Some, like theSoviet Union(USSR), were fundamentally reshaped. World War 2 Deaths by Country Soviet Union 23,500,000 China 17,500,000 Germany 7,150,000 Poland 5,950,000 Dutch East Indies 3,500,000 Japan 2,800,000 India 2,200,000 French Indochina 1,600,000 Yugoslavia 1,375,000 Hungary 965,000 Romania 830,000 Greece 664,000 France 600,000 Philippines 557,000 Italy 502,000 Korea 475,000 U.K. 450,900 U.S. 419,000 A million at most had been released, most of whom were so-called volunteers (Hilfswillige) for (often compulsory) auxiliary service in the Wehrmacht. Despite declaring neutrality upon the outbreak of the war, a fascist coup in September 1940 resulted inRomaniabecoming a member of the Axis. The Dutch East Indies were a key target due to their rubber plantations and oil fields that, if captured, would substantially bolster Japan's war effort. The Kingdom ofYugoslaviawas invaded byAxisforces on April 6, 1941, after which it was partitioned between Germany, Italy,Hungary, andBulgaria. Others were involved in the partisan war and became victims of Nazi reprisals. Note 1: The geometric mean is the middle of the quoted range, taken by multiplying together the endpoints and then taking the square root. However, as China was also amidst a civil war, its weakened nationalist government was largely ineffective militarily. World War Twowas the deadliest war in human history. Krivosheev lists the detailed losses for each of the 54 Army fronts and Naval fleets (not including border and security troops). According to. Filimoshin based this figure on sources published in the Soviet era. What were the turning points of World War II? It is possible, however, thanks to the various databases present, to make an estimate. Germany lost 3 cruisers 10 destroyers and 6 submarines. Mikhalev put the total irreplaceable losses at 13.7 million; he believed that the official figures understated POW and missing losses, that the deaths of service personnel convicted of offenses were not included with the overall losses and that the number who died of wounds was understated. [123][pageneeded] German occupation policies implemented under the Hunger Plan resulted in the confiscation of food stocks which resulted in famine in the occupied regions. For instance, from March 9 to March 10, 1945, American aircraft dropped incendiary bombs over Tokyo. He concluded by stating, "We established the number of irreplaceable losses of our Armed Forces at the time of the Great Patriotic War of about 13,850,000. Show publisher information [1] During the Battle of Britain from July 10, 1940, until October 31, 1940, the UK lost 1,065 aircraft(including 1,004 fighters); Germany lost 1,922 aircraft(including 879 fighters, 80 Stukas and 881 bombers). The Romanian forces deployed 538,536 troops against Germany,[18] Bulgaria 455,000,[19] and Finland 213,000. However, most agree that British colonial policies played some role, most notably, Winston Churchill's refusal to halt food exports from Bengal to Europe. Millions of civilians also died due to war-related factors. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. German Luftwaffe losses from August 1940 until March 1941 were 2,840 aircraft. The names of Soviet war dead are presented at the OBD (Central Data Bank) Memorial database online. Filimoshin estimated 6% of the population in the occupied regions died due to war related famine and disease. 32 Italian divisions attacked France in the Alps region defended by 6 French divisions. Such behavior was common throughout the entire conflict, making it difficult for Japan to find Chinese sympathizers. Much like Germany, despite having started the war,Japanalso suffered many casualties. [14] At the height of her strength in August, 1943, Germany held 189 divisions on the Eastern Front. "Hundred Years' War" (13371453, 116 years). Civilian losses include deaths in the siege of Leningrad. In some years in the early post-war era, around half a million people died through direct violence in wars. "Missing Millions: The human cost of the Mexican Revolution, 19101921", "Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century", "World Wars: Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan", "Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls", "Vital Statistics: Total Casualties, Arab-Israeli Conflict (1860Present)", "The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946-2008, Version 3.0", France remembers the Algerian War, 50 years on, "Chronological Index of Wars and Conflicts from 1950 to 1959", "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "Yemen's First Civil War Offers Lessons for Ending the Country's Current Conflict", "Mozambique, Anti-colonial war (1961-1975)", "Georgetown Welcomes Colombia's Ex-Pres. were used depending on the states. German losses amounted to 674 tanks and 564 aircraft. The Fallen of World War II Comparison. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. ", "The Great Patriotic War Russian Human Losses (In Russian)", "Gitlerovski genotsid na territoriyakh SSR", "Zhertvy sredi mirnogo nasseleniya v gody otechestvennoi voiny", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties_of_the_Soviet_Union&oldid=1165469165, Losses of conscripted reservists 1941 not officially inducted, Died (also included in irrecoverable losses), Add: losses border/internal service troops, Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence, Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions, War related deaths of those alive before war, War related deaths of those born during war. It is estimated. This conflict, known as the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), marked the beginning of World War Two's Pacific theater. National WWII Museum, Various sources. Insurgent groups, ULNF and Tanzania vs. National Resistance Army, Varying Somali governments vs. insurgent groups, Lord's Resistance Army vs. Central African states, Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh Separatist forces and allies vs. Azerbaijan, Also known as the Armenian Separatist invasion, Rwandan Patriotic Front rebel forces vs. Rwanda, The majority of casualties were civilians killed by Hutu rebels in the, Bosnia and Herzegovinian governments and allies vs. Republika Srpska and allies, Anti-Terrorist Forces vs. Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos), Mexico, Madagascar, West Africa, In all colonial campaigns, France suffered 10,000 killed and 35,000 wounded, primarily in Algeria. A question that is difficult to answer. Despite being the main aggressor in the European war, Germany still suffered an immense number of casualties. V. E. Korol estimated overall Soviet war dead at 46million including military dead of 23million. In fact, not all victims were recorded, different ways of counting etc. S. A. Il'Enkov, an official at the Russian Military Archives, maintained that the "complex military situation at the front did not always allow for the conduct of a full accounting of losses, especially in the first years of the war" He pointed out that in the reports from the field units did not include deaths in rear area hospitals of wounded personnel. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. At least 1million perished in the wartime GULAG camps or in deportations. Moiseev, Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces, disclosed for the first time in an interview that Soviet military war dead totaled 8,668,400. [20] In the Prague Uprising, 30,000 Czech partisans participated.[21]. Thus, investigating casualties by country helps one understand the sheer destruction and human misery caused by a conflict on this scale. [8] Officials at the Russian Central Defense Ministry Archive (CDMA) maintain that their database lists the names of roughly 14million dead and missing service personnel. In Romanian). Furthermore, most of the death camps used in the Holocaust likeAuschwitz, Treblinka, and Belzec were in Poland. World War II was a global . The tables pene de monosapien below provide a detailed country-by-country count of death by side. As many as 27 million Soviets lost their lives, with as many as 11.4 million military deaths joined by up to 10 million civilian deaths due to military activity and an additional 8 million to 9 million deaths due to famine and disease. [7] The Royal Navy lost 1 aircraft carrier, 2 cruisers, 9 destroyers and 6 submarines. Russian sources include Jewish Holocaust deaths among total civilian dead. The Fallen of World War II Neil Halloran 315K subscribers Subscribe 425K 11M views 6 years ago An animated data-driven documentary about war and peace, The Fallen of World War II. In Czech), 1965, G.F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the twentieth century, Pacner, K. Osudove okamziky Ceskoslovenska (Decisive Moments of Czechoslovakia; in Czech), p.270, Mark Axworthy. Therefore, the German invasion of the USSR arguably marked the beginning of the Holocaust. Krivosheev maintains that this figure based on German sources includes civilian personnel that were not included in the reports of the Army and Navy field forces. Also 688,772[131] Soviet citizens who remained in western countries after the war were included with the war losses. The German puppet state, Vichy France, thus gave significant concessions to Japan. In January 1945, 930,000 were still in German camps. [h] In a second article in 1992, A.A. Shevyakov gave a figure of 20.8million civilian dead;[i] no explanation for the difference was given. Does this band have any archive left (notes etc.) Those totals do not include the more than 14 million Soviet soldiers who were wounded during the war.