south american union rise of nationssouth american union rise of nations

Seminario Regional, los 40 aos de creacin del INTAL, Escenarios de insercin internacional de la CAN, 23 September 2005, Lima-Per, at http://www10.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2011/07720.pdf. A fracture in the bloc comes at a time when regional cooperation may be most needed. The UNASUR Constitutive Treaty was signed on 23 May 2008, at the Third Summit of Heads of State, held in Braslia, Brazil. Roblox Rise of Nations Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. Documento de Trabajo, Serie Unin Europea. Law & Criminology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom, Facolt di Giurisprudenza, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, 2015 T.M.C. 5 and 6 in this book; Alegrett Salazar 2007; Saccone 2008. The name was finally changed on 16 April 2007 to Union of South American Nations. In 2002 the Andean Community and MERCOSUR signed an agreement to create a free trade area between the two trade blocs. Also known as: South American Community of Nations, Unio das Naes Sul-Americanas, Unin de Naciones Suramericanas, Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties, Union of South American Nations. [40], The presidents of each member nation had an annual meeting, which was the top political mandate. Accessed 20 November 2014. Declaration of the Council of Heads of State and Government of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), Los Cardales, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tuesday, 4 May 2010, para 7, at: http://alainet.org/active/37964&lang=es. The President of the MERCOSURs Permanent Representatives Committee and the Director of the MERCOSURs Department, the Andean Communitys General Secretary, ALADIs General Secretary and the Permanent Secretaries of any institution for regional cooperation and integration, Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization among others, will also be present at these meetings. The idea was to form an Iberoamerican Confederation from Mexico to Chile and Argentina. It was finally constituted on 21 April 2009 in Santiago, Chile.[53]. Panama and Mexico attended the signing ceremony as observers in Brazil. Area of public health to be jointly financed by the South American bloc, to coordinate the energy policy of Unasur. The formable was removed on November 11th, 2022 due to the country being based off of an economic organization[1], which violated the formable criteria. Currently, only the United States fulfills the criteria to be considered a superpower. [77], On 26 November 2010, the Additional Protocol on Commitment to Democracy was signed in the city of Georgetown, Cooperative Republic of Guyana. A Chilean summit to organize Prosur was held and excluded Venezuela. Like and subscribe as alwaysI know I haven't uploaded at all recently but I did today "Post-liberal regionalism in South America: the case of Unasur", European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (EUI-RSCAS) 2012/05. The network covers over 150 cities countrywide. South America Brazil's Properties Required XP 0 XP Multiplier 0.33x Releasables Amazonia Espirito Santo Nordeste Rio de Janeiro Sao Paulo Sul City Count 381 Square City Count 22 Capital Brasilia Population 127,244,173 Consumers Required to Upkeep 127.24 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-069-5_3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-069-5_3, Publisher Name: T.M.C. The heads of all the founding countries were at the ceremony, with the exception of President Tabar Vzquez of Uruguay. [60] After a six-hour meeting between the leaders in the Palacio de La Moneda, they finally declared their support for President Evo Morales's government and gave "its absolute support to Bolivia."[61]. However, the United States is no longer the only uncontested foremost superpower and the world's sole hyperpower to dominate in every domain (i.e. This positive outcome stands in contrast to June of the previous year, when Brazilians withdrew BRL 3.755 billion more than they deposited into savings accounts. Union of South American Nations in UN Treaty Series website. [42][citation needed], On 9 December 2005, the Strategic Reflection Commission on the South American Integration Process was created. The total income of the United States of South America was approximately $14,100,000. The mechanics of the new entity came out of the First South American Community of Nations Heads of State Summit, which was held in Braslia on 2930 September 2005. In order to achieve the council's goals, the Coordinating Committee responsible for preparing propositions of Agreements and Resolutions was created. UNISCI Discussion Papers, 21: 2845. [17][18], On 28 December 2005, Chilean former foreign minister Ignacio Walker proposed that the Union's former designation, the South American Community of Nations, abbreviated as CSN, be changed to South American Union; nevertheless, many members responded that that proposal had already been rejected to prevent confusion since its acronym of U.S.A. (Spanish: Unin Sudamericana) would be easily confused for the United States of America. ", "UNASUR Moves toward Continental Freedom of Movement, Venezuela Makes "Equality" Call", "Obama in Cartagena: No change, dwindling hope", "Falkland Islands government organisation", "[ARCHIVED CONTENT] Internet Memory - PRONI Web Archive", Sovereignty of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, "Venezuela President Maduro talked energy, transport while in T&T", Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America, United States involvement in regime change in Latin America, Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO), Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA), Central American Integration System (SICA), Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), Forum for the Progress and Integration of South Americaa (PROSUR), Latin American Integration Association (ALADI), Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL), Central America-4 Border Control Agreement, Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA), Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA), Dominican RepublicCentral America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), United StatesMexicoCanada Agreement (USMCA), Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia, Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa, Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), ChinaJapanSouth Korea trilateral summits, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, AustraliaNew ZealandUnited States Security Treaty (ANZUS), BrazilRussiaIndiaChinaSouth Africa (BRICS), ColombiaIndonesiaVietnamEgyptTurkeySouth Africa (CIVETS), Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, IndiaBrazilSouth Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America Peoples' Trade Treaty, Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, Economic Community of West African States, Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_South_American_Nations&oldid=1165499350, Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty, International organizations based in the Americas, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles with dead external links from February 2014, CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br), Articles with dead external links from May 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with obsolete information from March 2019, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles needing additional references from December 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles lacking reliable references from June 2022, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, The 9th Summit, scheduled for 23 April 2016 in, September 2010: Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its population as of 2021 has been estimated at more than 434 million. L Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) member state The preamble of the Brasilia Treaty affirms the determination to build a South American identity and citizenship and to develop an integrated regional space in the political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, energy and infrastructure dimensions, for the strengthening of Latin America and The Caribbean unity. The headquarters will be located in Caracas with offices in Buenos Aires and La Paz.[70][71]. See: Mercosur, Ushuaia Protocol on the Democratic Commitment in MERCOSUR, 24 July 1998, 2177 UNTS 383. Daz Barrado C M (2005) La Comunidad Suramericana de Naciones: propuestas y realizaciones. This meeting was scheduled to take place in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on 2428 January 2008, but was postponed because of tensions between Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. Revista Electrnica Iberoamericana, 4(1): 937, Cardona D (2005) Tiene futuro la Comunidad Sudamericana de Naciones? Foreign Affairs en Espaol, 5(5): 8492, Cardona D (2008) El ABC de UNASUR, doce preguntas y doce respuestas. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations, President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations, Council of Heads of State and of Government of Unasur, Council of Minister of External Relationships of Unasur, South American Council of Social Development, South American Council of Infrastructure and Planning, South American Council of fight against the drug traffic, South American Council of Economy and Finances, South American Council of Science, Technology and Innovation, South American Council of Citizen Security, Justice and Coordination of Action against Transnational Organized Crime, South American Institute of Government in Health, Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America, National Bank for Economic and Social Development, 2010 ColombiaVenezuela diplomatic crisis, Member states of the Union of South American Nations, Andean Pact (Andean Community of Nations), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, "El secretario general de la Unasur lanza la campaa "Soy del Sur", "South American Presidents Agree to Form Unasur Bloc (Update3)", "South America creating regional bloc to counter Venezuela: Colombia", "Uruguay Senate puts Unasur over the top", "Uruguay's ratification gives Unasur legal status (nine out of twelve)", "Six South American nations suspend membership of anti-U.S. bloc", "Colombia y cinco pases ms dejarn de participar en Unasur", "Governo Bolsonaro enterra Unasul criada por Lula e adere a novo organismo regional", "Ecuador se retira de Unasur y abre la puerta a nuevas iniciativas de integracin", "Gobierno anunci retiro de Uruguay de la Unasur", "Chile confirma cumbre de presidentes para crear foro sudamericano sin Venezuela", Ministros da Amrica do Sul vo a Caracas preparar encontro da Unasul, "Sede da Unasul levar nome de Nstor Kirchner", Segun el chanceler uruguayo, Luis Almagro: Unasur, un factor de "estabilidad, democracia y paz" en la regin, "Hacia los Estados Unidos de Sudamrica. - Massive Technology Tree 1900-2060. Asser Press, The Hague. UNASUR, Article 3(b): The inclusive and equitable social and human development in order to eradicate poverty and overcome inequalities in the region; 3(j) Universal access to social security and health services; (k) Cooperation on issues of migration with an integral approach, based on an unrestricted respect for human and labor rights, for migratory regularization and harmonization of policies; 3(l) Economic and commercial cooperation to achieve progress and consolidation of an innovative, dynamic, transparent, equitable and balanced process focused on an effective access, promoting economic growth and development to overcome asymmetries by means of the complementarities of the economies of the countries of South America, as well as the promotion of the well-being of all sectors of the population and the reduction of poverty. Panama and Mexico hold observer status. T.M.C. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The rest is flat. Member states of the Andean Community trade bloc. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Some of the alliances long-term goals are to create a continental free trade zone, a single currency, and an interoceanic highway. President Luiz Incio Lula da Silva has recently signed a decree that officially marks Brazil's return to the Union of South American Nations (Unasur). It will allow you to play 160 years of world history. The project was extensively discussed throughout 2008. On May 23, 2008, representatives of each country signed the Constitutive Treaty of the South American Union of Nations in Braslia. Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout. "From the South American Free Trade Area to the Union of South American Nations: The Transformations of a Rising Regional Process". It has never been officially proposed or used. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Known as UNASUR, the group acts as a forum for interaction between member-country leaders and also serves as a platform for interregional trade promotion. Base Population Correspondence to See Article 26: The present Constitutive Treaty of the Union of South American Nations will enter into force thirty days after the date of receipt of the 9th instrument of ratification. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). UNASUR is the successor of the South American Community of Nations (Comunidad Sudamericana de Naciones; CSN), which was established when 12 South American leaders signed the Cuzco Declaration in the city of Cuzco, Peru, in 2004. Partial or total closure of land borders with the affected State, including suspension or limitation of trade, air and sea transportation, communications, energy supply, services and supply. The UNASUR Constitutive Treaty was signed on 23 May 2008, at the Third Summit of Heads of State, held in Braslia, Brazil. Comunidad Andina, Hacia la comunidad sudamericana de naciones: elementos para un plan de trabajo, Documento de trabajo, SG/dt 288, 9 March 2005. This was an objective set up by same studies on the secretariats of MERCOSUR, CAN, and also the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI), with the participation of Chile, Guyana and Suriname. Member states of neither Andean Community nor Mercosur. There is also semi-mountainous terrain, located in southern Chile, the tip of southeastern and eastern coastline of Peru, almost all of Ecuador except for its northeast, and the areas of Colombia bordering the coast except for its northern coast. The main goal of Unasur is to promote integration among South American countries, which includes the two customs unions on the continent: Mercosur (composed of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, along with its associate members) and the Andean Community (composed of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru). Simn Bolvar, Reply of a South American to a Gentleman of This Island [Jamaica], Kingston, Jamaica, 6 September 1815, translated by L. Bertrand (1951) Selected Writings of Bolivar. Daz Barrado and Cano Linares 2007, 2009. This new integration model will include all the goals achieved by MERCOSUR and the Andean Community as well as the experience of Chile, Guyana and Suriname. There have been other presidential extraordinary meetings, such as: At its peak of membership, UNASUR had a total population of 410 million inhabitants and a rate of population growth of about 0.6% per year. This page lists all Nations in South America . The Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) Footnote 1 is one of the most recent examples of developing regional integration. Since health is an essential right to all human beings and all societies, and it is also a vital component for the development of mankind, the Health Council seeks political and social acceptance regarding the issue, proposing health to be seen as an important booster of cooperation and integration of the bloc's nations, intensifying the coordination of such nations and respecting diversity and interculturalism in the region. One of the objectives of monetary union is to establish a Single South American currency. In order to achieve the proposed multisectorial objectives, it envisages coordination mechanisms and exchange of information among governments, three of the regions multilateral financial institutions (the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Corporacin Andina de Fomento (CAF) and the Financial Fund for the Development of the River Plate Basin (FONPLATA), at http://www.iirsa.org. At the organizations first two annual summits (in September 2005 in Braslia, Braz., and in December 2006 at Cochabamba, Bol. The Pacific Highway, between Peru and Brazil, began to be built in September 2005, financed 60% by Brazil and 40% by Peru, and was completed in December 2010. Due to the immigration of Indonesian workers, Suriname and Guyana have a large Hindu and Muslim community. But due to an unusual arrangement, the new Secretary General will serve only for 1year before handing over the post to her successor, Ali Rodriguez of Venezuela, who will complete the second year of the two-year term. Current Jungle is very prominent in the USSA. It is technically supported by the South American Institute for Government in Health (ISAGS). The extraction and export of oil is notable in Venezuela, which owns the largest world reserves. Unin de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) is the Spanish official denomination and Unio de Naes Sul-Americanas (UNASUL) in Portuguese; in English it is Union of South American Nations. It was at this meeting that UNASUR was formalized and in which the Constitutive Treaty of the organization was signed. Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) SP/Di No. On April 20, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru informed the Union of South American Nations, the continental integration association commonly known as . 10-15 F O R E W O R D This report on the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) is drafted in compliance with Activity 1.1.1. of the Work Programme of the Permanent Secretariat of SELA for 2015, entitled "Follow-up report on the integration agreements in Latin Revista de la Integracin, 2: 3137, Salazar V (2008) La convergencia entre la CAN, el MERCOSUR, y la naciente UNASUR: Luz al final del camino?. Nueva Sociedad, 202: 7486, Gonzlez Miranda S and Ovando Santana C (2008) Hacia un nuevo pensamiento integracionista latinoamericano: aproximacin a una lectura de segundo orden, Polis: revista acadmica de la Universidad Bolivariana, 7(21): 265285, at http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/polis/v7n21/art13.pdf. Accessed 15 November 2014. United States of South America [4] According to the Constitutive Treaty, the Union's headquarters will be located in Quito, Ecuador. Moreover, beyond the economic sphere, its influence encompasses various other domains of interest, such as social, cultural, scientific-technological, and political areas. The Colonial Press, New York, at: http://faculty.smu.edu/bakewell/BAKEWELL/texts/jamaica-letter.html. The highest GDP per capita in 2018 was held by Suriname with 13,876, followed by Venezuela with 12,388. In: Odello, M., Seatzu, F. (eds) Latin American and Caribbean International Institutional Law. The country had previously withdrawn from . [32] Paraguayan Foreign Minister stated that his country's objection concerned the failure to put a new Secretary General in place, and the need to make the organization less ideological, but did not reflect negatively on Bolivia's leadership. Accessed 10 October 2014. However, due to political differences, some countries have since withdrawn from the organization. Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru, Guyana and Suriname were invited to join the new regional bloc.[13]. On 10 March 2020, Uruguay officially announced its withdrawal from the organization. "We have reached an agreement on three axes of work and one of them is to move forward with multilateral payment mechanisms, to sustain trade and protect the volumes of reserves," Feletti said, noting that trade between countries in the region moves 120billion dollars annually. [50], The Economic and Financial Council of Unasur was established on 12 August 2011, in Buenos Aires, during a meeting of Finance Ministers and representatives of the Central Banks of the twelve countries of the region. Brazil Uruguay Argentina Paraguay Chile Bolivia Peru Colombia Venezuela Suriname Guyana French Guiana Ecuador, Argentina Paraguay Chile Bolivia Peru Colombia Venezuela Suriname Guyana French Guiana Ecuador. Moreno also asked the bloc to return the headquarters building of the organization, based in Quito. However, June witnessed a 14 percent drop, possibly signaling the beginning of a decline after a significant spike in deforestation alerts exceeding 80 percent in May. Accessed 1 October 2014. In the case of the Delegates Council, that deadline shall be 15 days. The executive committee, created at the 2nd UNASUR Meeting, was transformed into the Political Commission or Council of Deputies, in accordance with the Decisions of the Political Dialogue. [57] It was created by decision of the Heads of State and Government of UNASUR, meeting extraordinarily in the Coast of Sauipe, Bahia, Brazil in December 2008. Argentine Deputy Economy Minister Roberto Feletti said that the council would study measures to strengthen regional trade in national currencies without the use of dollar. The Declaration of Quito, August 2009, expressed satisfaction with the initiatives addressed in the First Meeting of South American Defence Council. "The use of national currencies, excluding the dollar, protects reserves and increases trade because there are lower transaction rates." CEPAL (2009) UNASUR: un espacio de cooperacin por construir. Roblox Rise of Nations Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. Asser Press, The Hague, eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawLaw and Criminology (R0). [54][55][56], The South American Council of Health is a UNASUR body established and approved on 16 December 2008, which brings together health ministers of the member states to develop regional programs in the region. He explained that the technicians will review the Latin American Reserve Fund (FLAR), aiming at in order to give greater capacity to intervene to the governments of the bloc in case of speculative attacks against currency or sovereign debt. Industrialization is of medium level to high in diverse regions, although very strong the presence of local industries of origin Foreign (multinational). In response, Bolivia's president Evo Morales urged UNASUR to defend Venezuela, stating "UNASUR should call an emergency meeting and enforce the sovereignty of a brotherly people. Poltica exterior, 23(127): 149160, Saccone A (2008) UNASUR: visiones desde el MERCOSUR. ROBLOX - Rise of Nations: Forming the United States of South America (UPDATED) Marzzik 6.75K subscribers 114 4.4K views 2 years ago Unite South America! Also see: Wade 2010. [45], The organisations of UNASUR are:[47][48][49], There were twelve Ministerial Councils of the USAN. 81-100. At a summit in Guayaquil, Ecuador on 4 December 2014, UNASUR general secretary Ernesto Samper announced, "We have approved the concept of South American citizenship," including the creation of a single passport. [83], 1 These countries are also considered to be associate members of Mercosur. The Union of South American Nations is an intergovernmental regional organization that once comprised twelve South American countries; as of 2020, most have withdrawn.. Puedo residir o trabajar libremente en otros Estados Partes del MERCOSUR? See: Chaps. the Union of South American Nations . These countries are also considered to be associate members of the Andean Community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, If you overwhelmed him, is it best to white peace him, as unless they have territories in, First, you should industrialize. The following territories situated outside South America are part of member states and therefore participate: The following parts of South America are or were territories of non-South American states and therefore do not participate: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. When all cities combined, it sums the nation's population to a staggering 250,303,085 inhabitants. [82][unreliable source? According to the Constitutive Treaty, the Union's headquarters will be located in Quito, Ecuador. On 1 September 2010, the agency "UnasurHait" was created to provide US$100million in help to Haiti. [27], The temporary presidency will be governed by a year and will be rotating among the member countries between each UNASUR meeting. Stay up to date with the biggest stories of the day with ANC's 'Dateline Philippines' (15 July 2023) | ABS-CBN News Channel, Philippines From the beginning Brazil, Argentina and Chile, the countries that took the leadership of the project, made clear that they did not intend to form a NATO-like alliance, but a cooperative security arrangement, enhancing multilateral military cooperation, promoting confidence and security building measures and fostering defense industry exchange. Fundacin Carolina, Madrid, pp. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Latin American and Caribbean International Institutional Law, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-069-5_3, http://www.comunidadandina.org/unasur/tratado_constitutivo.htm, http://www.sice.oas.org/trade/Mrcsr/ACMerAns.asp, http://www.comunidadandina.org/documentos/dec_int/cusco_sudamerica.htm, http://www.comunidadandina.org/unasur/antecedentes.htm, http://www.comunidadandina.org/csn/antecedentes.htm, http://www.comunidadandina.org/Prensa.aspx?id=1968&accion=detalle&cat=AP&title=la-iniciativa-iirsa-el-reto-de-integrar-el-espacio-fisico-de-america-del-sur, http://www.cepal.org/pses33/noticias/paginas/2/39172/2009-598-UNASUR-PRESS.pdf, http://faculty.smu.edu/bakewell/BAKEWELL/texts/jamaica-letter.html, http://en.mercopress.com/2011/05/11/unasur-to-achieve-a-south-american-continent-united-and-in-peace-by-2020, http://www.fundacioncarolina.es/es-ES/publicaciones/nombrespropios/Documents/NP2006.pd, http://www.comunidadandina.org/unasur/unasur_rodrigo_alvarez%28flacso%29.pdf, http://www.diariomardeajo.com.ar/eldiplocomunidadsuramericanadenacion.htm, http://www10.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2011/07720.pdf, http://www.fundacioncarolina.es/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/NP2010.pdf, http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/polis/v7n21/art13.pdf, http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/wcm/connect/a005e7804f018b9dbac8fe3170baead1/WP3-2009_Malamud_Latin_American_Summits_Brazil_Leadership.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=a005e7804f018b9dbac8fe3170baead1.

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