Cordyceps sinensis, also called Chinese caterpillar fungus, Cs-4, Dong Chong Xia Caoor, or semitake, is a fungus native to the Tibetan plateau in China. Anticancer effects of maple syrup phenolics and extracts on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human colon cells. Cordyceps is a type of fungus long used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). . Evaluation of carbohydrates in natural and cultured, Guo C., Zhu J., Zhang C., Zhang L. Determination of adenosine and 3-deoxuadenosine in, Ji D.-B., Ye J., Li C.-L., Wang Y.-H., Zhao J., Cai S.-Q. Based on in vitro studies, C. sinensis extracts displayed no anti-apoptosis activity as it showed no influence on caspase-3 activity thereby suggesting its gastroprotective effects may stem from its ability to stimulate cell migration and proliferation. Caspase-3 activity as well as cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) were also analyzed; both are characteristic of cell apoptosis. Nucleosides are considered the main bioactive component in C. sinensis (Li, Yang, & Tsim, 2006). Set where you live, what language you speak and the currency you use. When conditions are right, the spores will sprout a mushroom out of the caterpillar's head. Based on this study, Zhang et al. All Cubensis and Mexicana Mushroom Spores sold on this website are intended for microscopic research and identification purposes only. A fraction from the methanolic C. sinensis extract was successful at inhibiting HMC activation by IL-1 and IL-6 in vitro. For more than one thousand years, Cordyceps sinensis has been revered as a unique halidom in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for its mysterious life history and predominant medicinal values. Li S., Zhao K., Ji Z., Song Z., Dong T., Lo C., Cheung J., Zhu S., Tsim K. A polysaccharide isolated from. When orally administered to rabbits for a period of 3months at a dose of 10g/kg daily, no significant changes in kidney or liver function and blood tests revealed any signs of toxicity. This apoptotic mechanism was further confirmed by Annexin V staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. Once again, a straight forward extraction procedure was followed with temperature set to 100C and extraction time of 3h. An aliquot was removed and lyophilized and yield of 29% was determined prior to the subsequent ethanol extraction. Under d-galactose induced aging, accumulation of metabolites occurs in nerve cells leading to symptoms associated with aging (Song, Bao, Li, & Li, 1999). Introduction. Cordyceps sinensis has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to boost the immune . 210 Count (Pack of 1) 1,659 1K+ bought in past month $1995 ($0.10/Count) $17.96 with Subscribe & Save discount A 25.0% and 34.1% decrease was observed in the 50 and 100mg/kg body weight dose groups, respectively. Although pure compounds within WECS were not identified nor isolated, a thorough investigation of the effects of the extract was conducted. When a spore lands on a suitable substrate, it germinates and begins to grow. This problem is alleviated by incorporating an additional parameter or dimension. Non-polar solvents deserve more attention as they are especially effective for fungal compounds (Paterson, 2008). Combinations of Cordyceps with certain foods have been reported to possess certain functionalities. When compared to tumors retrieved from the control group, compound 1 was 69.887.2% inhibition while compound 2 was a similar 56.782.5% growth inhibition. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. C. sinensis extracts role as a protective agent stretches beyond the stomach and into the kidneys, this according to recent studies on extracellular accumulation of glomerular sclerosis by Song et al. Bai R., Ren Y., Yu H. Elements determination and their relation to immunity. However, the fruiting bodies harvested in nature usually contain high amounts of arsenic and other heavy metals so they are potentially toxic and sales have been strictly regulated by the CFDA (China Food and Drug Administration) since 2016. When compared to the non-treated irradiated control group, IL-4 was significantly decreased as a result of treatment with the polysaccharide fraction. The caterpillar fungus known as Cordyceps sinensis (Berk) Sacc. (2004) performed PLE on powdered C. sinensis in a study investigating the presence of ergosterols and nucleosides by HPLC. Glycerol stems from 1,2-glycosidic linkage or 1-linked glycosidic linkage and erithritol from 1,4 or 1,4,6-linked glycosidic linkage. A third compound was isolated from a 100mg active fraction again using RP HPLC and was identified as 11,11-dideoxyverticillin (18mg). An entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps sp. Ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RP-LC-MS) has been commonly used in other fields for the separation of nucleotides (Yang et al., 2010). A more thorough and elaborate extraction process was employed for the subsequent experiments involving antistress, antifatigue and hypocholesterolemic effects of C. sinensis extract whereby 50g of freeze dried C. sinensis powder was boiled quickly at 100C for 5min, homogenized and centrifuged. Monosaccharides of f2, f3 and f4 showed an abundance of glucose and galactose suggesting their presence in the branch structure of CPS1. The extract was tested in vivo on B16-induced mice and was shown to reduce the weight and volume of the tumor by 48% and 62% in just 27days. HPGPC analysis using 0.1M NaNO3 displayed a singular sharp peak at roughly 16min thus suggests fraction homogeneity. In rare cases, dry mouth, nausea, or diarrhea has been reported. Extraction and detection of nucleosides enables differentiation between various strains of Cordyceps as well as to ensure identification of counterfeits that have become more wide spread in recent years due to high value driven by scarcity of the natural product. Specific and novel compounds which are characteristic to C. sinensis are emerging with reports of two new epipolythiodioxopiperazines, gliocladicillins A and B capable of inhibiting growth of HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 tumor cells. 11,11-Dideoxy-verticillin: A natural compound possessing growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase-inhibitory effect with anti-tumor activity. [citation needed] aDepartment of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1, bState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China. The combined eluates representing the three latter peaks were collection and further purified by gel-permeation chromatography on a Sephadex G-75 column with each fraction eluted with 0.2M NaCl. However, the supplement industry can be misleading about what you're getting, so this guide will help inform you about what to look for. Cordycepin (3-deoxyadenosine) is pure compound certainly worthy of attention. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. Anti-proliferative effects were substantiated using three human cancer cell lines; HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7. The vast majority of research conducted on the extract of C. sinensis utilized ethanol, methanol or hot water as extraction solvents mainly due to common practice and their ability to extract polar components (Wu, Zhang, & Leung, 2007). Few have . The .gov means its official. This has shielded Cordyceps from the full scrutiny of modern science. Adriamycin was administered to three of four test groups and induced kidney damage. Selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used to detect as well as to quantify the four main nucleosides (thymine, adenine, adenosine and cordycepin). Water, a polar solvent, has long been used in the field of food chemistry in part due to its nontoxicity and invasiveness (Cheung et al., 2009). Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PDFOA), a perfluorinated carboxylic acid, had previously been used to detect 10 underivatized amino acids (Asp, Asn, Ser, Gly, Gln, Cys, Glu, Thr, Ala, Pro) which were less common using previous detection methods (Petritis, Chaimbault, Elfakir, & Dreux, 1999). Common Names: Tochukas, Dong Chong Xia Cao, Caterpillar fungus. Zhu L., Liang Y., Lao D., Zhang T., Ito Y. Preparative separation of high-purity cordycepin from. Stoddart R. Macmillan Pub. Turning off personalised advertising allows you to exercise your right to opt out. Ophiocordyceps sinensis (formerly known as Cordyceps sinensis), is known in English colloquially as caterpillar fungus, or by its more prominent names yartsa gunbu. A library consisting of 200 crude ethyl acetate extract of C. sinensis was screened using a MTT assay on HeLa cervical cancer cells with one strain (Gliocladium sp.) A parasitic fungus known as Cordyceps has long been coveted as an exotic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with an overwhelming list of pharmacological properties. Shiao et al. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. Armbruster D.A., Terry P. Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The vacuum dried filtrate was dissolved in methanol prior to chromatographic separation and subsequent ESI-MS detection. The structures of compounds 1, 2 and 3 were determined using MS and NMR. Scientific Name: Cordyceps sinensis, militaris. Cordyceps A traditional chinese medicinie and another fungal therapeutic biofactory? Great! Ethanol precipitation was then used to collect the exopolysaccharide which was subsequently freeze-dried and reported as a whitish and fibrous solid (Wang et al., 2011). Some improvements in the analysis of acetylated aldononitriles by gas chromatography. Cordycepin, which is mostly found in C. militaris, was only detected in minute amounts in natural C. sinensis and was not detected in cultured samples. 8.06, 8.96 HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In vivo antioxidant activities in the serum of 60Co irradiated BALB/c mice were investigated using two assays involving malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) detection (Zhang et al., 2011a, Zhang et al., 2011b). 1x Syringe containing 10-12cc of a live mycelium culture. Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine. The cultured C. sinensis was defatted using ethanol prior to extraction of the residue with hot water. All species are parasites. Cordyceps sinensis mycellium extract induces human premyelocytic leukemia cell apoptosis through mitochondrion pathway. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies It is an entomopathogenic fungus (a fungus that grows on insects) in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. To enable personalised advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. C. sinensis grown on rice and potato medium along with a powdered dried extract from mycelia grown in liquid culture were further extracted using hot-water. Woo Bok J., Lermer L., Chilton J., Klingeman H.G., Towers G.N. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. These findings can cause damage to the reputation of the overall body of work involving C. sinensis and its therapeutic properties. In mice administered low and intermediate doses of C. sinensis extract, MDA in serum was decreased by 17% and 20% compared to the irradiated untreated control group. IL-5 is secreted by T cells with murine IL-5 capable of inducing the proliferation and differentiation of pre-activated B-cells. Main constituent of the extract derived from this fungus comprises a novel bio-metabolite called as Cordycepin (3deoxyadenosine) which has a very potent anti-cancer, anti . But only ophiocordyceps control their host's body. Polysaccharides comprise a major chemical constituent found in C. sinensis and they are responsible for many of its pharmacological properties. In a study focused on the protective effects of C. sinensis extract on ischemia-induced brain infarction, basal grip strength, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, hippocampus reduced glutathione (GSH), cerebral cortex GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, glutathione reductase (GR) activity and glutathione S transferase (GST) activity were measured in a rat model at three dosages (4, 8, 10mg/kg/day) (Liu et al., 2010). 2). C. sinensis extracts role as a protective agent was tested on rats fed C. sinensis extract on a daily basis (5mL/kg). Antiaging effect of C. sinensis is of particular interest (Ji et al., 2009). Ethyl acetate, although the least polar of the three aformentioned solvents, has garneshed more attention of late and has gained in popularity. There are increasing evidence suggesting correlations between the accumulation of ROS and associated degenerative diseases including senescence and cancer. Amongst all the species, Cordyceps militaris is considered as the oldest source of some useful chemical constituents. Zhang Q.X., Wu J.Y. O. sinensis are entomopathicgenic fungus, meaning it grows on insects. Cordyceps inoculating fluids contain spores that are ready for planting. More research is now focused on culturing C. sinensis and on isolating and identifying pure compounds novel to C. sinensis in an attempt to alleviate strain on demand for the natural fungi. Elution profile showed a total of four distinct peaks. On the backs of these reports, the USA passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act in 1994 giving way to a vast market consisting of websites selling capsules and tonics made from independently grown Cordyceps. (30% off), Keep collections to yourself or inspire other shoppers! The hydrolyzed product was then derivatized. Fan et al. Effect of polysaccharide from cultured. Determination of nucleosides in, Marchbank T., Ojobo E., Playford C., Playford R. Reparative properties of the traditional Chinese medicine, Nie S.-P., Cui S., Phillips A., Xie M.-Y., Phillips G., Al-Assaf S., Zhang X.-L. Elucidation of the structure of a bioactive hydrophilic polysaccharide from. Various physiological processes are mediated via nucleoside receptors including nucleic acid synthesis, stimulating immune response (Cheung et al., 2009), influence fatty acid metabolism (Koh et al., 2003a), assisting in iron absorption in the gut and contribute reparative properties in damaged gastrointestinal tract (Marchbank et al., 2011, Yang et al., 2010). Zhang, X., Liu, B., Al-Assaf, S., Phillips, G., & Phillips, A. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. RP HPLC was used by Chen et al. These conclusions were enough for the authors to deem the active compound found in CS-Pp is a 1,3--d-glucan with 1,6-branched chains. Positive ion mode was used however; negative ion mode was used for uridine detection. Compound 3 was first identified as 11,11-dideoxyverticillin and data from NMR and MS revealed clues pertaining to the structure of compound 1 and comparisons compound 3 provided enough information to elucidate a structure for compound 1 and subsequently compound 2. Based on their own preliminary optimization experiments, Guan et al. (2000) however, at 100C (Koh et al., 2003a). IL-4 and IL-17 both display a variety of proinflammatory and immune modulatory activities. At a ratio of 99: 1 (v/v) CH2Cl2MeOH, a 1g active fraction was collected and separated once more on a smaller silica gel column using 99.5: 0.5 (v/v) CH2Cl2MeOH as eluents. Several detection methods are commonly available such as thin layer chromatography (TLC) (Ma & Wang, 2008), HPLC (Song, Liu, Li, & Jin, 2008) and capillary electrophoresis (Li, Feng, Ni, & Zhang, 2008) however, limitations are encountered in the way of sensitivity, selectivity and suitability. A crude methanol extract was prepared using 150g of dried mycelium and 500mL of MeOH. Dialysis and freeze-drying completed the exopolysaccharide preparation step. More recently, the reparative properties of C. sinensis extracts were investigated using HT29 cells, a human colon cancer cell line (Marchbank et al., 2011). HPLC analysis provided insight into possible chemical constituents involved in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. A great mystique and aura surrounds Cordyceps sinensis (syn. [3] The generic name Cordyceps is derived from the Ancient Greek word kordl, meaning "club", and the Latin suffix -ceps, meaning "-headed". (2010). The reagent used here can influence the quality of the ensuing MS by clouding and polluting the resulting spectra. The aqueous layer was then extracted with ethyl acetate. Please contact us if you have any issues or concerns with the cleanliness of your culture. More research is now focused on culturing C. sinensis and on isolating and identifying pure compounds novel to C. sinensis in an attempt to . Validation of this solvent system comes via results indicating low limits of detection. Ion-pairing chromatography requires an additional reagent in the mobile phase charged for interaction with the incoming analyte. It is mainly found in the meadows above 3,500 meters (11,483 feet) in the Himalayan regions of Nepal, Bhutan, India, Myanmar and Tibet. Zhang et al. Free shipping for many products! (2006) claim to have developed a method combining pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and HPLCESI-MS that significantly increases the selectivity, sensitivity and repeatability of assay. Furthermore, as evidenced in Table 1, a limited variety of solvents are employed in the extraction of C. sinensis. The site is secure. The crude extract was used in an antiproliferation assay using a K562 erythroleukemia cell line and was shown to have the ability to inhibit proliferation by 36%. This species, in particular, grows on the caterpillar of the Thitarodes ghost moth, which live in elevations above 10,000 feet (3,048 meters).
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